| Beer |
Beverages (alcoholic) |
Cool |
Bitter, sweet |
| White wine |
Beverages (alcoholic) |
Cool |
Sour, sweet |
| Red Wine |
Beverages (alcoholic) |
Warm |
Bitter, acrid, sweet |
| Sake |
Beverages (alcoholic) |
Warm |
Sweet, acrid, bitter |
| Shochu |
Beverages (alcoholic) |
Warm |
Acrid, sweet |
| Green tea |
Beverages (non-alcoholic) |
Cold |
Bitter, sweet, astringent |
| Uron Tea |
Beverages (non-alcoholic) |
Cool |
Bitter, sweet, astringent |
| Chamomile tea |
Beverages (non-alcoholic) |
Neutral |
Bitter, sweet |
| Cocoa |
Beverages (non-alcoholic) |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Milk (cow) |
Beverages (non-alcoholic) |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Milk (human) |
Beverages (non-alcoholic) |
Neutral |
Sweet, salty |
| Soy Milk |
Beverages (non-alcoholic) |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Black tea |
Beverages (non-alcoholic) |
Warm |
Bitter, sweet, astringent. |
| Milk (goat) |
Beverages (non-alcoholic) |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Milk (sheep) |
Beverages (non-alcoholic) |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Butter |
Dairy Products and Eggs |
Cool |
Sweet, fatty |
| Buttermilk |
Dairy Products and Eggs |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Cottage Cheese |
Dairy Products and Eggs |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Cream cheese |
Dairy Products and Eggs |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Sour cream |
Dairy Products and Eggs |
Cool |
Sour, sweet |
| Cheese (cow’s milk) |
Dairy Products and Eggs |
Neutral |
Sweet, sour |
| Chicken egg |
Dairy Products and Eggs |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Cream |
Dairy Products and Eggs |
Neutral |
Sweet, fatty |
| Ghee |
Dairy Products and Eggs |
Neutral |
Sweet, fatty |
| Margarine |
Dairy Products and Eggs |
Neutral |
Sweet, fatty |
| Quail egg |
Dairy Products and Eggs |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Yogurt |
Dairy Products and Eggs |
Neutral |
Sweet, sour |
| Cheese (goat’s milk) |
Dairy Products and Eggs |
Warm |
Acrid, salty, sweet |
| Cheese (sheep’s milk) |
Dairy Products and Eggs |
Warm |
Acrid, salty, sweet |
| Asari clam (Japanese littleneck) |
Fish and Seafood |
Cold |
Sweet, salty |
| Basket clams (shijimi) |
Fish and Seafood |
Cold |
Sweet, salty |
| Crab |
Fish and Seafood |
Cold |
Sweet, salty |
| Sea urchins (uni) |
Fish and Seafood |
Cool |
Sweet, salty |
| Abalone |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet, salty |
| Bass |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet, salty |
| Carp |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Catfish |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Dojo Loach |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Herring |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet, salty |
| Lobster |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet, salty |
| Mackerel (saba) |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Mackerel pike (Pacific saury, sanma) |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Octopus (tako) |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet, salty |
| Olive flounder (Bastard halibut, hirame) |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Oyster |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet, salty |
| Scallop |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Sea breams (porgies, tai) |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Sea Snail |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet, salty |
| Seabass (Japanese seabass, suzhuki) |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Shark |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet, salty |
| Shark fin |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Skipjack tuna (oceanic bonito, katsuo) |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Squid |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Salty, sweet |
| Sweetfish (Ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis) |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Trout |
Fish and Seafood |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Amur catfish (Japanease cat fish, namazu) |
Fish and Seafood |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Crayfish |
Fish and Seafood |
Warm |
Sweet, salty |
| Eel |
Fish and Seafood |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Jack mackerels (Aji) |
Fish and Seafood |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Prawn |
Fish and Seafood |
Warm |
Sweet, salty |
| Puffer fish (fugu) |
Fish and Seafood |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Salmon |
Fish and Seafood |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Sardine (iwashi) |
Fish and Seafood |
Warm |
Sweet, salty |
| Shrimp |
Fish and Seafood |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Tuna |
Fish and Seafood |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Yellowtail (Japanese amberjack , buri) |
Fish and Seafood |
Warm |
Sweet, sour |
| Honey |
Flavourings |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Sugar (white) |
Flavourings |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Malt syrup |
Flavourings |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Molasses |
Flavourings |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Sugar (brown) |
Flavourings |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Vanilla |
Flavourings |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Grapefruit |
Fruits |
Cold |
Sweet, sour |
| Kiwi |
Fruits |
Cold |
Sweet, sour |
| Persimmon (Japanese Persimmon, kaki) |
Fruits |
Cold |
Sweet, astringent |
| Watermelon |
Fruits |
Cold |
Sweet |
| Avocado |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Banana |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Blackberry |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Blueberry |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Cranberry |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Currant, red |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Mango |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Melon (Cantaloupe, honeydew, muskmelon) |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet, aromatic |
| Mirabelle (mirabelle prune) |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Mulberry |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Orange |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Pear |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Pomelo (zabon) |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Star fruit |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Strawberry |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Tangerine |
Fruits |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Apple |
Fruits |
Neutral |
Sour, sweet |
| Apricot |
Fruits |
Neutral |
Sweet, sour |
| Carambola (starfruit) |
Fruits |
Neutral |
Sour, sweet |
| Date (red date, jujube) |
Fruits |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Fig (ichijiku) |
Fruits |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Ginko nuts |
Fruits |
Neutral |
Sweet, bitter |
| Goji Berry (Wolfberry) |
Fruits |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Grape |
Fruits |
Neutral |
Sweet, sour |
| Loquat fruits (Japanese medlar, biwa) |
Fruits |
Neutral |
Sweet, sour |
| Papaya |
Fruits |
Neutral |
Sweet, bitter |
| Pineapple |
Fruits |
Neutral |
Sweet, astringent |
| Plum |
Fruits |
Neutral |
Sweet, sour |
| Prune (Prunus salicina. Japanese plum, sumomo) |
Fruits |
Neutral |
Sour, sweet |
| Raspberry |
Fruits |
Neutral |
Sweet, sour |
| Cherry |
Fruits |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Guava |
Fruits |
Warm |
Sweet, astringent |
| Kumquat (kinkan) |
Fruits |
Warm |
Acrid, sweet, sour |
| Longan |
Fruits |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Lychee (Litchi) |
Fruits |
Warm |
Sweet, sour |
| Peach |
Fruits |
Warm |
Sweet, sour |
| Pomegranate |
Fruits |
Warm |
Sweet, sour, astringent |
| Barley |
Graines |
Cool |
Sweet, salty |
| Buckwheat |
Graines |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Job’s tears barley (Coixseed, Tear Grass, adlay, hatomugi) |
Graines |
Cool |
Sweet, bland |
| Millet |
Graines |
Cool |
Sweet, salty |
| Wheat |
Graines |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Wheat bran |
Graines |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Corn |
Graines |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Oats |
Graines |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Rice (non glutinous) |
Graines |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Rice, brown |
Graines |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Rice, glutinous (sticky rice, sweet rice, mochi rice) |
Graines |
Warm |
Sweet, bitter |
| Rye |
Graines |
Warm |
Sweet, bitter |
| Wheat flour |
Graines |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Spelt |
Graines |
Warrm |
Sweet |
| Lima bean (butter bean) |
Legumes |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Mung bean (green bean, ryokuto) |
Legumes |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Tofu |
Legumes |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Aduki bean |
Legumes |
Neutral |
Sweet, sour |
| Black Soybean |
Legumes |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Chickpea (garbanzo bean) |
Legumes |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, sasage) |
Legumes |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Fava bean (broad bean, soramame) |
Legumes |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Kidney bean (Great northern bean, navy bean, ingen-mame) |
Legumes |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Lentil |
Legumes |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Pea (green pea, endomame) |
Legumes |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Soybean |
Legumes |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| String bean (green bean, French bean) |
Legumes |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Black Turtle bean (Black bean) |
Legumes |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Natto |
Legumes |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Duck |
Meat |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Frog |
Meat |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Lamb |
Meat |
Hot |
Sweet |
| Beef liver |
Meat |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Goose |
Meat |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Lard, pork |
Meat |
Neutral |
sweet, fatty |
| Pork |
Meat |
Neutral |
Sweet, salty |
| Quail |
Meat |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Rabbit |
Meat |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Veal |
Meat |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Beef |
Meat |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Bonemarrow |
Meat |
Warm |
Sweet, fattty |
| Chicken |
Meat |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Goat meat |
Meat |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Pheasant |
Meat |
Warm |
Sweet, sour |
| Turkey |
Meat |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Venison |
Meat |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Wild boar |
Meat |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Mushroom (white button, portobello) |
Mushrooms |
Cool |
Sweet, bland |
| Jew’s ear (Black Fungus, Jelly Ear, kuro-kikurage) |
Mushrooms |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Lion’s Mane Mushroom (Bearded Tooth Mushroom, yamabushitake) |
Mushrooms |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Oyster mushroom (hiratake) |
Mushrooms |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Shiitake |
Mushrooms |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Snow fungus (silver ear fungus, shiro-kikurage) |
Mushrooms |
Neutral |
Sweet, bland |
| White fungus |
Mushrooms |
Neutral |
Sweet, bland |
| Maitake (Hen-of-the-Woods, Ram’s Head, Sheep’s Head) |
Mushrooms |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Almond |
Nuts and Seeds |
Neutral |
Sweet, bitter |
| Brazil nut |
Nuts and Seeds |
Neutral |
Sweet, bitter |
| Cashew nut |
Nuts and Seeds |
Neutral |
Sweet, fatty |
| Flax seed |
Nuts and Seeds |
Neutral |
Sweet, bland |
| Hazelnut |
Nuts and Seeds |
Neutral |
Sweet, aromatic, slimy |
| Lotus seed |
Nuts and Seeds |
Neutral |
Sweet, astringent |
| Peanut |
Nuts and Seeds |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Peanut butter |
Nuts and Seeds |
Neutral |
Sweet, fatty |
| Pistachio |
Nuts and Seeds |
Neutral |
Sweet, bitter |
| Sesame |
Nuts and Seeds |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Sunflower Seed |
Nuts and Seeds |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Chestnut |
Nuts and Seeds |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Coconut |
Nuts and Seeds |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Pine nut |
Nuts and Seeds |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Pumpkin seed |
Nuts and Seeds |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Walnut |
Nuts and Seeds |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Olive Oil |
Oils and vinegars |
Cool |
Sweet, fatty |
| Corn oil |
Oils and vinegars |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Peanut oil |
Oils and vinegars |
Neutral |
Sweet, fatty |
| Sesame oil |
Oils and vinegars |
Neutral |
Sweet, fatty |
| Sunflower oil |
Oils and vinegars |
Neutral |
Sweet, fatty |
| Canola oil |
Oils and vinegars |
Warm |
Sweet, fatty |
| Soybean oil |
Oils and vinegars |
Warm |
Acrid, sweet |
| Walnut oil |
Oils and vinegars |
Warm |
Sweet, fatty |
| Agar (kanten) |
Seaweeds |
Cold |
Sweet |
| Nori |
seaweeds |
Cold |
Sweet, salty |
| Irish Moss (carrageen moss) |
Seaweeds |
Cool |
Sweet. Salty |
| Myoga ginger (Zingiber mioga) |
Spices and herbs |
Cold |
Bitter, sweet |
| Borage |
Spices and herbs |
Cool |
Bitter, sweet, salty |
| Chervil |
Spices and herbs |
Cool |
bitter, sweet |
| Cinnamon |
Spices and herbs |
Hot |
Acrid, sweet |
| Licorice |
Spices and herbs |
Neutral |
Sweet, bitter |
| Anise (aniseed) |
Spices and herbs |
Warm |
Acrid, sweet |
| Caraway seed |
Spices and herbs |
Warm |
Acrid, sweet |
| Cumin |
Spices and herbs |
Warm |
Acrid, sweet |
| Paprika |
Spices and herbs |
Warm |
Bitter, sweet |
| Saffron |
Spices and herbs |
Warm |
Sweet. Acrid |
| Star aniseed (Illicium verum, hakkaku) |
Spices and herbs |
Warm |
Acrid, sweet |
| Water chestnut |
Vegetable |
Cool |
Sweet, bland |
| Potato |
Vegetable |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Asparagus |
Vegetables |
Cold |
Sweet, bitter |
| Bamboo Shoots |
Vegetables |
Cold |
Sweet |
| Bitter melon (Goya) |
Vegetables |
Cold |
Sweet, bitter |
| Cucumber |
Vegetables |
Cold |
Sweet, bitter |
| Artichoke |
Vegetables |
Cool |
Bitter, sweet |
| Bok Choy |
Vegetables |
cool |
Sweet |
| Celery |
Vegetables |
Cool |
Sweet, bitter |
| Chard |
Vegetables |
Cool |
Sweet, bitter |
| Eggplant |
Vegetables |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Endive (Belgian endive hearts) |
Vegetables |
Cool |
Bitter, sweet |
| Japanese parsley (Seri) |
Vegetables |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Konjac (or Konjak, Konjaku) |
Vegetables |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Lettuce |
Vegetables |
Cool |
Bitter, sweet |
| Napa cabbage (hakusai) |
Vegetables |
cool |
Sweet |
| Radish (daikon) |
Vegetables |
Cool |
Acrid, sweet |
| Soybean sprout |
Vegetables |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Spinach |
Vegetables |
Cool |
Sweet |
| Tomato |
Vegetables |
Cool |
Sweet, sour |
| Zucchini |
Vegetables |
Cool |
Sweet, bitter |
| Beet |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Sweet, bitter |
| Broccoli |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Cabbage |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Sweet, bitter |
| Carrot |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Sweet, acrid |
| Cauliflower |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Sweet, bitter |
| Chrysanthemum greens (Shungiku) |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Acrid, sweet |
| Green pepper |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Acrid, sweet |
| Kale |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Acrid, sweet |
| Kohlrabi (German turnip) |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Acrid, sweet, bitter |
| Lotus root |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Sweet, astringent |
| Okra (okura, lady’s fingers, gumbo) |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Bitter, sweet, slimy |
| Olive |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Sweet, sour, astringent |
| Parsnip |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Sweet, bitter, acrid |
| Sweet Potato |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Yamaimo (yamanoimo, Dioscorea japonica) |
Vegetables |
Neutral |
Sweet |
| Leek |
Vegetables |
Warm |
Acrid, sweet |
| Onion |
Vegetables |
Warm |
Acrid, Sweet |
| Pumpkin |
Vegetables |
Warm |
Sweet |
| Squash |
Vegetables |
Warm |
Sweet |